Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Reverse osmosis (RO) is used to reduce dissolved solids from feed waters with salinities up to 45,000 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids). Reverse osmosis separation technology is used to remove dissolved impurities from water through the use of a semi-permeable membrane.
Application
RO involves the reversal of flow through a membrane from a high salinity, or concentrated solution to the high purity, or “permeate”, stream on the opposite side of the membrane. Pressure is used as the driving force for the separation. The applied pressure (P) must be in excess of the osmotic pressure of the dissolved contaminants to allow flow across the membrane. The membrane’s operating conditions are fine-tuned to balance the flux, or the amount of water which passes through the membrane, with the specific rejection rates of contaminants to achieve up to 99.8% salt rejection at low pressures and high flux rates. The separation efficiency of the RO system is dependent on influent solute concentration, pressure and water flux rate. In some cases, pre-treatment and even advanced and supplementary treatments such as, sand filtration, carbon active, chlorination and etc., are considered according to the analysis results of the influent and the effluent.
Tehran-zist will design the Reverse osmosis system considering the costumers needs and all essential factors.